PROSTATE CANCER

What is prostate cancer? 

Prostate cancer is cancer that develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. This can occur when prostate cells mutation and began to multiply out of control. These cells may spread (metastasize) from the prostate to other parts, especially bones and lymph nodes. Prostate cancer may cause pain, difficulty urinating, problems during sexual intercourse, erectile dysfunction and other symptoms. Unfortunately, these symptoms are only at an advanced stage of disease.

The disease is most widely in the United States, whereas the incidence in Europe less than the United States, but more in the South and East Asia. Prostate cancer most often develops in men older than 50 years. 

What Can Be Only a Cause? 

Specific causes of prostate cancer has not been definitely known. A man who is at risk of developing prostate cancer associated with age, genetics, race, diet, lifestyle, and medications. The main risk factor is age. Prostate cancer is less frequent in men aged less than 45 years, but may increase the possibility with the addition of age. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 70 years old.

Genetic influences on the development of prostate cancer can be seen from the increased incidence of prostate cancer in a particular race, male identical twins and have prostate cancer, and men with certain genes. Research in the United States shows that prostate cancer is more common in men than black men or white men and more deadly if the Spanish attacked the black man. Men who have a brother or father with prostate cancer have twice the likelihood of prostate cancer. Research on twins in the Scandinavian states that 40% risk of prostate cancer can be explained by inherited factors. However, instead of just a single gene that is responsible for prostate cancer; many different genes that influence. Two genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) which is an important risk factor for ovarian cancer and breast cancer in women also contribute to prostate cancer.

A diet of foods, vitamins, and minerals can contribute to risk of prostate cancer. Men with serum levels of short chain ω-6 fatty acid linoleic acid which has increased the incidence of prostate cancer is higher, while increased levels of long chain ω-3 (EPA and DHA) had a lower incidence. Trans fats are hydrogenated vegetable oil is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Another factor that could increase the risk of prostate cancer is low consumption of vitamin E (vitamin E found in green leafy vegetables), omega-3 fatty acids (found in fatty fish such as salmon), and selenium. Low levels of vitamin D in the blood may also increase the risk of prostate cancer. 

Are Symptoms of Prostate Cancer?    

Early prostate cancer there are usually no symptoms. Often diagnosed during a routine inspection by the discovery of lumps (nodules) by accident on rectal examination and an increase in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). Sometimes prostate cancer can cause symptoms, often the same as BPH. As was written above symptoms are frequent urination, increased urination at night, difficulty starting and managing fixed beam urine, blood in urine, and pain during urination. Prostate cancer associated with voiding dysfunction as the prostate gland surrounds the prostatic urethra (urinary tract). The changes to the gland directly contributes to the function of micturition. Since the vase deferen collect seminal fluid into the prostatic urethra and prostate gland secretion itself, including cement, prostate cancer can cause problems with sexual function, such as difficulty achieving erection or painful ejaculation. Actually cancer rarely show symptoms, except when it becomes advanced. To rule out the possibility of BPH nodules are irregular and hard should be biopsied.

Advanced prostate cancer can spread to other parts of the body and can increase symptoms. The most common symptom is bone pain, often in the spine (vertebrae), hip bone (pelvis), or ribs. The spread of prostate cancer into other bones such as the thigh bone (femur) usually to the nearest (proximal) bone. Prostate cancer in the spine can also suppress the connection of the spine, causing leg weakness and could not resist urination and defecation.

How To Rule The diagnosis?   

Definitive diagnosis must be established prior to therapy. Biopsy technique is recommended using a biopsy needle or biopsy instrument (core biopsy). Possible results of biopsy in the United States is a malignancy ranges between 33-50%. 

Prostate biopsy is done when:

There are parts of a hard or nodules.

PSA value> 10 ng / mL with psad ≥ 0.15.

How to Rx?     

If still in the earliest stages that will be done usually only observed. Then for the next stage is recommended removal of the prostate (radical prostatectomy) or radiation therapy. Complications of radiation associated with the total dose, treatment volume, dose distribution and fractionation schemes. Generally, found symptoms of digestive organs (intestinal), such as bleeding colon (rectum), bloating (tenesmus), and diarrhea, urinary tract (urologists), for example: increased frequency of urination, pain during urination (dysuria), cystitis, urinary tract narrowing (urethral stricture).

When it metastasizes much treatment is hormonal, unless there is bone pain which is an indication of radiation. The goal of hormonal treatment is to reduce or negate the effect of the hormone androgen into the prostate tissue.

Further action is important periodically checking PSA levels in patients with radical prostatectomy to determine the existence or recurrence in patients treated by hormonal.

What is the conclusion?

If you've aged 50 years and over immediately conduct routine checks to see if you get prostate cancer or not because, as described above symptoms of prostate cancer is usually not found in its early stages. You should not delay the time to conduct the examination because if it was too late, sorry I no longer useful!

To you who were aged under 50 years keep your diet and your lifestyle! With diet and healthy lifestyle you can reduce the chances of developing prostate cancer.

SOURCE

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